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Volkswagen AG (VOW) fair value: what the stock is really worth

We calculate from audited financials what Volkswagen AG is really worth. The fair value tells you whether the price is too high or too low, the quality score (0 to 100) how solid the business behind it is. 26 models, 37 quality factors, updated daily.

  1. Fair value above price? Yes
  2. Good quality? No
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Consumer Cyclical · DE · ISIN DE0007664005

VA Volkswagen AG logo Thin data Sep 17, 2026

Volkswagen AG

VOW · XETRA

Cheap, value-trap riskThe stock looks deeply undervalued, but low quality raises value-trap risk.

✓Fair value €228.45 · Strongly undervalued (+200%)
!Quality 47/100
!Expensive Growth (revenue 5y +7.6 %/yr)
!Thin margins · 2.1% net margin (TTM)
!Moderate debt · negative free cash flow
·6.83% dividend yield
✓Ranks above peers (11/14)
!Narrow moat 37/100
!Insider activity 40/100
!Evidence only low, so the estimate is less certain
!Weak on past: 12 out of 100
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What runs behind every stock

26 valuation models 8 families, DCF to NCAV 37 quality factors margins, balance sheet, cashflow, debt 6 AI factors moat, what no ratio measures 2,000+ data points verified, per stock, median

69 individual criteria per stock, every one traceable See the method →

Price vs Fair Value

€208.12 €72.05 Fair Value €228.45 Jul 2021 Sep 2026

White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Sep 17, 2026.

How to read this chart

60‑month range €72.05 – €208.12 · fair‑value band €175.41 – €250.93 · the €76.15 price screens below the €228.45 fair value. Green steps = our fair value per fiscal year (point-in-time, no hindsight). Dashed = 300-day average. As of Sep 17, 2026.

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Company profile

Volkswagen AG manufactures automobiles and commercial vehicles in Europe, Germany, North America, South America, the Asia-Pacific, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles; Commercial Vehicles; and Financial Services.

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Volkswagen AG manufactures automobiles and commercial vehicles in Europe, Germany, North America, South America, the Asia-Pacific, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles; Commercial Vehicles; and Financial Services. The Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles segment develops vehicles, engines and motors, vehicle software, and vehicle batteries; produces and sells passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, and the parts. This segment also offers compact cars, luxury vehicles, and motorcycles, as well as mobility solutions. The Commercial Vehicles segment engages in the development of vehicles, engines, and motors; production and sale of trucks and buses, parts, and related services. The Financial Services segment engages in the dealership and customer financing, leasing, direct banking, and insurance activities; and provision of fleet management, and mobility services. In addition, the company is involved in the large-bore diesel engines, turbomachinery, and propulsion components businesses. It sells its products under the Volkswagen Passenger Cars, "koda, SEAT/CUPRA, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Audi, Lamborghini, Bentley, Ducati, Porsche, Scania, MAN, Volkswagen Truck & Bus, TRATON, and Bugatti Rimac, and international commercial vehicles brands to individual, corporate, and fleet customers. The company was founded in 1937 and is headquartered in Wolfsburg, Germany. Volkswagen AG operates as a subsidiary of Porsche Automobil Holding SE.

Stock analysis

Volkswagen AG (VOW) currently trades at €76.15, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is €228.45, implying the stock looks roughly 66.7% undervalued today.

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Valuation

Bull case: the DCF Models group reads highest at a median of €300.85 per share, and 17 of the 17 models we run sit above the €76.15 price.

Bear case: the Earnings-Based group reads lowest at €78.01, and 0 of the 17 models stay below the price. Evidence for this calculation is low.

Scenario range: €175.41 (bear) to €250.93 (bull), the price of €76.15 sits below it. Bear and bull are the same models on cautious and optimistic assumptions, a range, not a price target.

Quality & growth

The Quality Score stands at 47/100 (below-average quality), in the Consumer Cyclical sector.

Expensive Growth: The company is growing, but growth may require heavy reinvestment or weak cash conversion.

Volkswagen AG reported revenue of €322B in FY2025 versus €250B in FY2021, a compound +6.5%/yr. Reported net income was €7.3B in FY2025, compounding −16.9%/yr from FY2021.

Key figures

Market cap €38.2B · P/E ratio 7.7 · P/S ratio 0.17 · EPS (TTM) €12.21 · Dividend yield 6.8% · Net margin 2.3% · Return on equity 3.1% · Return on assets (EBIT) 3.5%.

Competitive moat

Our AI-assisted moat analysis scores the competitive advantage at 48 out of 100 (medium confidence).

What moves the price

The share trades about 31% below its 52-week high, currently below its 200-day average.

For context, the median of 10 Consumer Cyclical peers we cover trades at −14% fair-value upside, at 200%, VOW screens cheaper than that median.

Fair Value models

Bear €175.41 Fair Value €228.45 Bull €250.93
Model ⓘEach model values the company its own way (discounted cash flow, earnings, assets, dividends). The fair value above is their evidence-weighted blend, not the output of a single model. Based on fiscal year 2025 figures (about 9 months old). Earnings retained since then (€5.05 per share) are deliberately not added. Bear ⓘBear = the cautious scenario: the same model computed with conservative anchors (lower growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bull it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target.BaseBull ⓘBull = the optimistic scenario: the same model computed with favourable anchors (higher growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bear it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target. Evidence ⓘEvidence = how well-backed THIS model's estimate is for this stock (0–100): how complete and reliable its input data are, and how well the model fits the company. The final Fair Value is an evidence-weighted blend, so better-evidenced models count more. Green ≥70, amber 50–69, grey below 50.
Highest evidence
Residual Income €261.93 €262.91 €242.57 75
Owner Earnings €141.72 €300.85 €536.26 72
EPV €104.88 €151.40 €192.10 72
All 17 models by family
DCF Models
Owner Earnings €141.72 €300.85 €536.26 72
Earnings-Based
Graham-Dodd €99.34 €273.96 €359.69 62
Lynch FV €54.61 €78.01 €101.41 58
PEG = 1.0 €54.61 €78.01 €101.41 55
EPV €104.88 €151.40 €192.10 72
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM €81.69 €169.85 €269.45 64
DDM Multi-Stage €81.69 €128.38 €177.83 64
Multiples
P/E Multiple €241.03 €321.38 €401.72 61
P/S Multiple €186.25 €248.34 €310.42 56
P/B Multiple €186.25 €248.34 €310.42 53
EV/EBIT €286.12 €439.57 €593.02 63
EV/EBITDA €696.19 €986.34 €1,276 65
EV/Revenue €136.08 €269.07 €402.06 50
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham) €173.55 €232.56 €347.10 52
Economic Profit
Residual Income €261.93 €262.91 €242.57 75
ROIC Compounder €104.88 €151.40 €192.10 71
Growth Earnings
Growth-Adj P/E €190.68 €272.39 €354.11 66

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Quality Score breakdown

Overall quality 47/100

Of which business quality 44 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 36

Profitability 24
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth 47
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow 34
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength 31
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment 77
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility 66
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum 29
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum 15
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance 82
Share count: buybacks or dilution?

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Revenue & earnings trend

Growth Quality ⓘGrowth is valuable only when reinvestment earns attractive returns (Aswath Damodaran): sustainable growth depends on return on capital, reinvestment and efficiency. Basis: total company revenue over the periods shown on the cards (3Y/5Y/all years), not per share, so a merger can show up as a growth jump; per-share earnings growth is in the value-creation card. 37/100
The company is growing, but growth may require heavy reinvestment or weak cash conversion.
Revenue growth 1 year
−0.8%
Revenue growth 3 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+4.9%
Revenue growth 5 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+7.6%
Revenue growth 25 years ⓘMeasures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump. Per-share growth (which does include buybacks) is in the value-creation card.
+5.6%
What shareholders gained per year (last 5 years) ⓘWhat the business itself delivers per year: earnings growth per share plus the dividend yield. This is what you get IF the market keeps valuing the stock the same way: it contains no assumption about the market changing its mind. Computed per share, so buybacks count and a merger does not pass as growth. For a company that pays no dividend it is pure earnings growth per share. Period: earnings growth per share as CAGR over the last 5 reported fiscal years (annual statements), plus the current dividend yield. The start value is the median of the three years around the start, so a single crisis year (a pandemic or a write-down) does not distort the rate. Basis: EBIT basis.
+5.6%
Earnings growth per share plus dividend.
Earnings per share, growth per year−1.2%
Dividend (yield on the price)6.8%
Pace: 5 vs 10 years ⓘTwo data points, not a trend model: earnings growth per share over the last 5 fiscal years against the last 10. Labelled "steady" when both rates are within 3 percentage points of each other, otherwise picking up or flattening. Shown only when ten years of history exist.−12% vs −1%, slowing
Profit margin 2020 to 2025 ⓘOperating margin then vs now, from reported annual statements. A falling margin after a boom year is the classic peak-earnings signal: the growth rate then leans on an inflated base.5% → 5%

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Recent news

News mood ⓘNews mood, the average tone of recent news (99 articles), rated against how stocks are usually covered. 🚀 Hype = unusually upbeat · 🙂 Positive = above average · 😐 Neutral = typical · 🙁 Negative = below average · 😨 Very negative = unusually downbeat. It reflects the tone of coverage, not our valuation. Very negative
Recent news coverage is unusually downbeat.

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Peer GroupⓘHow this stock ranks against its industry: the green marker is this stock, the band is the typical 25–75% peer range, and the tick is the median.Auto Manufacturers · 113 stocks

Beats the industry median on 11/14 measures
Overall it ranks above its industry peers.
Valuation
Quality Score 47 · Above median
Fair Value upside +200% · Top 25%
Profitability
Return on equity (TTM) 3% · Below median
Return on assets 1% · Above median
Net margin (TTM) 2% · Above median
Operating margin (TTM) 4% · Above median
Growth and dividend
Revenue growth −3% · Below median
Dividend yield (TTM) 6.8% · Top 25%
Balance sheet
Debt / equity 0.73× · Highest 25%

Valuation Multiplesvs Auto Manufacturers median · lower = cheaper

P/E (TTM) 7.7× · Cheapest 25%
P/B 0.25× · Cheapest 25%
P/S (TTM) 0.13× · Cheapest 25%
EV/EBITDA 6.0× · Cheaper than median
PEG 0.68× · Cheaper than median

Strength profile in five axes (Snowflake)

VALUEFUTUREPASTHEALTHDIVIDEND
This stock
VALUEFUTUREPASTHEALTHDIVIDEND
Sector peers
VALUE (fair-value potential)100 · sector 42
FUTURE (revenue growth)0 · sector 27
PAST (return on equity)12 · sector 17
HEALTH (low debt)64 · sector 93
DIVIDEND (yield)100 · sector 51

Context: sector, industry, market

Values & ESG

Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.

None of the checked exposures detected

Similar stocks

10 more Auto Manufacturers stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate.

Stock Price Fair Value vs Fair Value
Tesla, Inc TSLA $356.58 $42.25 −88%
Toyota Motor Corporation TM $188.78 $216.15 +14%
BYD Company 81211 HK$68.15 HK$43.27 −37%
Hyundai Motor Company 005380 363,000 KRW 372,872 KRW +3%
Ferrari N.V RACE €356.20 €328.58 −8%
General Motors Company GM $85.37 $52.69 −38%
Ford Motor Company F $13.35 $11.51 −14%
Mercedes-Benz Group MBG €45.37 €106.16 +134%
Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG P911 €45.27 €21.98 −51%
Maruti Suzuki India Limited MARUTI ₹12,338 ₹8,236 −33%

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Cite: Fair Value Calculator (2026). "Volkswagen AG Fair Value". https://www.fairvalue-calculator.com/stock/VOW

Frequently asked questions

Is Volkswagen AG (VOW) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Sep 17, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of €228.45 versus a price of €76.15, about +200% upside (undervalued).
What is the fair value of VOW?
Our model-based fair value for Volkswagen AG is €228.45 (as of Sep 17, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price: €76.15.
What is the quality score of VOW?
Volkswagen AG has a Quality Score of 47/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the price target for Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
Our model-based price target is the fair value of €228.45 (as of Sep 17, 2026) from 17 valuation models. Cautious scenario €175.41, optimistic scenario €250.93. It is a calculation from audited fundamentals, not an analyst target.
What is the Volkswagen AG stock forecast for 2026?
Our models put fair value at €228.45, about +200% upside versus a price of €76.15 (undervalued). Cautious scenario €175.41, optimistic scenario €250.93. The calculation is refreshed regularly with new filings.
What is the revenue of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
Volkswagen AG reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about €320B (latest available figure, as of Sep 17, 2026).
Does Volkswagen AG pay a dividend?
Volkswagen AG currently shows a dividend yield of about 6.83% relative to its recent price (as of Sep 17, 2026).
What is the intrinsic value of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
Intrinsic value and fair value mean the same thing: what the business is worth on its numbers, independent of the share price. For Volkswagen AG it is €228.45 per share (as of Sep 17, 2026), against a price of €76.15. It is the blended result of 17 valuation models (cash flow, earnings, asset, dividend).
Is Volkswagen AG stock overvalued or undervalued in 2026?
As of Sep 17, 2026, VOW trades below its calculated fair value: price €76.15, fair value €228.45, a gap of about +200% (undervalued). The calculation is refreshed with each new quarterly report, so the verdict can change during the year.
Is fair value the same as the market price of VOW?
No. The price is what the market pays today (€76.15); the fair value is what the company's own numbers justify (€228.45). For Volkswagen AG the two are €152.30 per share apart. That gap is exactly why we show both numbers side by side.
How much is Volkswagen AG worth?
The market values Volkswagen AG at about €38.2B (market capitalisation, as of Sep 17, 2026). Per share that is €76.15; our models calculate a fair value of €228.45 per share.
What do the bullish and bearish scenarios say about VOW?
Our models span a range for Volkswagen AG: cautious scenario €175.41, base €228.45, optimistic €250.93 per share (as of Sep 17, 2026, price €76.15). The range comes from different growth and margin assumptions, not from analyst opinions.
What is the P/E ratio of VOW?
Volkswagen AG trades at a price-to-earnings ratio of 7.7 (as of Sep 17, 2026). A P/E on its own says little: it compares the price with ONE year of profit, while our fair value of €228.45 is built from several models across several years. Other multiples: PEG 0.7, P/B 0.3, P/S 0.1, EV/EBITDA 6.0.
What is the PEG ratio of VOW?
The PEG ratio of Volkswagen AG is 0.68 (P/E divided by earnings growth, as of Sep 17, 2026). That is below 1, so growth is priced more cheaply than the earnings multiple alone suggests.
How solid is the balance sheet of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
Balance-sheet figures for Volkswagen AG (as of Sep 17, 2026): return on equity 3.1%, debt of 0.73 per unit of equity. They feed the Quality Score of 47/100, which measures business quality independently of the share price.
How far is VOW from its 52-week high?
Volkswagen AG trades at €76.15, about 31% below its 52-week high of €110.20 (as of Sep 17, 2026). Distance from the high says nothing about value: that is what the fair value of €228.45 is for.
Which stocks are comparable to Volkswagen AG?
From the same area (Consumer Cyclical) we also value Tesla, Inc, Toyota Motor Corporation, BYD Company, Hyundai Motor Company, among others. Each of them has its own fair-value calculation on this site using the same models, so the comparison is like for like.
Is Volkswagen AG stock attractive at the current price?
The data as of Sep 17, 2026: price €76.15, calculated fair value €228.45 (+200%), Quality Score 47/100, from 17 models. Whether that fits your horizon and risk tolerance is your call. We provide the calculation, not investment advice.
How is the fair value of VOW calculated?
We run Volkswagen AG through 17 models from four families: discounted cash flow, earnings models, asset and balance-sheet models, and dividend models. Every model gets the same audited fundamentals; the result is the weighted average of €228.45, with the spread shown as a cautious and an optimistic scenario.
Is it still worth investing in stocks now?
The global stock market currently sits 16.0 % above its aggregate fair value. Volkswagen AG currently trades 200 % below its own fair value, and the market average says nothing about that. An expensive market is no reason to stay out and no reason to buy everything at once: keep a broad savings plan running, buy single stocks only with money you can do without, and hold part of your money liquid while the market is high. The full picture including sectors is on is it worth investing now.
What is the share price of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
The closing price on Sep 18, 2026 was €76.15. Our model-based fair value is €228.45, about +200% upside (undervalued). We carry closing prices from our data provider, not a live tick.
What should I pay attention to with Volkswagen AG right now?
The price is below even our cautious bear case (€175.41). The market is more pessimistic than our downside scenario. The large gap to fair value rests on thin data (low evidence): fewer applicable models and a shorter history. Read it with extra caution. Solid quality (47/100) at a price below fair value, the discount is the argument here, not the business quality.
Where does the earnings growth of Volkswagen AG (VOW) come from?
Earnings per share at Volkswagen AG grew +4.0 % a year from 2014 to 2025. Broken into its drivers: revenue per share +4.9 %, EBIT margin +1.8 %, tax rate +0.0 %, residual (interest, one-offs) −2.6 %. The four rates multiply to the earnings growth rate, they do not add up. Start and end are three-year averages so a single exceptional year does not distort the result.

Key figures of Volkswagen AG

How large is the market capitalisation of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
The market capitalisation of Volkswagen AG is €38.2B. The stock-market value of the whole company: share price times number of shares. It is what the market asks for the entire business today.
What is the P/S ratio of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
The price-to-sales ratio of Volkswagen AG is 0.17 (P/E × margin). Price to sales: market value relative to yearly revenue. Useful when profit is thin or distorted.
What are the earnings per share of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
Earnings per share at Volkswagen AG are €12.21 (price ÷ EPS = P/E 7.7). Earnings per share over the last twelve months: total profit spread across every single share.
What is the dividend yield of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
The dividend yield of Volkswagen AG is 6.8% (payout 42.6%). Yearly dividend relative to the share price. 3% pays 3 per 100 invested. Below: how much of profit is used for it.
What is the net margin of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
The net margin of Volkswagen AG is 2.3% (fiscal year 2025). How much of every unit of revenue ends up as profit. 10% means 10 cents of profit per dollar of sales.
What is the return on equity of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
The return on equity (ROE) of Volkswagen AG is 3.1% (last twelve months). Profit relative to shareholders' equity, how efficiently the company works with its owners' money.
What is the EBIT return on assets of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
On an EBIT basis the return on assets of Volkswagen AG is 3.5% (avg 5y). Operating profit (EBIT) relative to everything the company owns, as a multi-year average. It describes the business model rather than one good or bad year.
What is the operating margin of Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
The operating margin of Volkswagen AG is 4.4% (last twelve months). Profit from the core business (before interest and taxes) relative to revenue.
How fast is revenue growing at Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
Revenue at Volkswagen AG is growing −2.5% versus a year earlier (3y avg +4.9%). How much revenue grew versus a year earlier (YoY). The 3-year average next to it puts the single year in context.
How fast are earnings growing at Volkswagen AG (VOW)?
Earnings per share at Volkswagen AG are growing −29.5% versus a year earlier. How much earnings per share grew versus a year earlier.
How much free cash flow does Volkswagen AG (VOW) generate?
The free cash flow of Volkswagen AG is −€9.3B (fiscal year 2025). The cash truly left after running and investing in the business, this is what pays dividends and buybacks.
How much net debt does Volkswagen AG (VOW) carry?
The net debt of Volkswagen AG is €240B (fiscal year 2025). Debt minus cash on hand. The note shows how many years of free cash flow could in theory pay it off.
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