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Bank of China Limited (601988) Fair Value & Analysis

Financial Services · CN · Market cap 1.9T CNY

BO Bank of China Limited 601988 · SHG
Price¥5.88
Fair Value¥11.24
Upside+91.2%
Quality58/100
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Mixed Growth
Highly profitable · 43.3% net margin
Low debt · generates free cash flow
3.82% dividend yield
Ranks above peers (11/14)
Wide moat 65/100
Evidence: High Range ¥8.43 – ¥14.05 Share as image

Fair value as of: Aug 13, 2026

From 6 valuation models · updated yesterday

Fair value updated Aug 13, 2026, revised from ¥9.80 to ¥11.24 (+14.7%) since Jul 15, 2026.

A solid business, screening 91% undervalued on our models.

What matters now

  • The price is below even our cautious bear case (¥8.43). The market is more pessimistic than our downside scenario.
  • Solid quality (58/100) at a price below fair value, the discount is the argument here, not the business quality.
  • For a financial, book-value and earnings-based methods matter more than a cash-flow DCF, which fits banks and insurers poorly.
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Price vs Fair Value (5 years)

¥6.29 ¥2.61 Fair Value ¥11.24 Mar 2021 Aug 2026

White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Aug 13, 2026.

How to read this chart

60‑month range ¥2.61 – ¥6.29 · fair‑value band ¥8.43 – ¥14.05 · the ¥5.88 price screens below the ¥11.24 fair value. Green steps = our fair value per fiscal year (point-in-time, no hindsight). Dashed = 300-day average. As of Aug 13, 2026.

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Analysis

Bank of China Limited (601988) currently trades at ¥5.88, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is ¥11.24, implying the stock looks roughly 91.2% undervalued today. The Quality Score stands at 58/100 (solid quality), in the Financial Services sector. Bull case: trading below our estimate, it may offer upside if the fundamentals hold. Bear case: a low price can be a value trap when quality is weak or the data is thin (evidence: high), always confirm before acting.

Over the trailing twelve months, Bank of China Limited generated revenue of 567B CNY at a net margin of 43.3%. Revenue grew 5.9% year over year. It earns a return on equity of 8.4%. The balance sheet holds a net cash position of 1.6T CNY. Fundamentals as of Aug 13, 2026

Our scenario range runs from ¥8.43 (bear case) to ¥14.05 (bull case); at ¥5.88, the current price sits below that range. Bear and bull are the same models run on conservative and optimistic assumptions (margins, growth, valuation multiples), so a plausible valuation range, not a price target. The share trades about 8% below its 52-week high and 15% above its 52-week low, currently above its 200-day average. For context, the median of 10 Financial Services peers we cover trades at -15% fair-value upside, at 91%, 601988 screens cheaper than that median.

Fair Value models

Each model estimates fair value its own way; the Fair Value above is the evidence-weighted blend. Evidence (0–100) measures how completely this model’s inputs are available: well-fed models carry more weight in the blend. The spread across models is intentional, each one stresses a different value driver; dividend models, for instance, come out structurally low when payout is small.

Model Bear Bear = the cautious scenario: the same model computed with conservative anchors (lower growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bull it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target.BaseBull Bull = the optimistic scenario: the same model computed with favourable anchors (higher growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bear it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target. Evidence
Highest evidence
Residual Income ¥8.08 ¥8.71 ¥10.35 76
Gordon GGM ¥4.28 ¥9.34 ¥15.71 70
P/E Multiple ¥7.35 ¥9.80 ¥12.26 63
All 6 models by family
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM ¥4.28 ¥9.34 ¥15.71 70
DDM Multi-Stage ¥4.28 ¥6.95 ¥9.73 61
Multiples
P/E Multiple ¥7.35 ¥9.80 ¥12.26 63
P/B Multiple ¥9.62 ¥12.82 ¥16.03 55
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham) ¥4.75 ¥6.37 ¥9.51 50
Economic Profit
Residual Income ¥8.08 ¥8.71 ¥10.35 76

Widest divergence: Multiples (¥9.80) versus Asset-Based (¥6.37). Highest evidence: Residual Income (76).

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Key figures & financial health

Revenue (TTM) 567B CNY
Revenue growth (YoY) +5.9%
Net margin 43.3%
Return on equity 8.4%
Free cash flow 761B CNY FY2025
P/E ratio 7.9 as of Jul 15, 2026
More key figures
Operating margin 53.1%
EPS (TTM) ¥0.7400
Dividend yield 3.8%
Net cash 1.6T CNY FY2024

Figures from reported company fundamentals · as of Aug 13, 2026. TTM = trailing twelve months.

Quality Score breakdown

Overall quality 58/100

Of which business quality 59 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 62

Profitability 33
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth 58
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow 100
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength 38
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment 59
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility 94
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum 47
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum 50
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance 70
Buybacks instead of dilution

Non-valuation factor families (profitability, growth, cashflow, financial strength, momentum …), each academically grounded. Valuation itself sits in the Fair Value and is deliberately excluded here to avoid double-counting.

About the company

Bank of China Limited, together with its subsidiaries, provides various banking and financial services in Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and internationally. The company operates through six segments: Corporate Banking, Personal Banking, Treasury Operations, Investment Banking, Insurance, and Other.

Full company description

Bank of China Limited, together with its subsidiaries, provides various banking and financial services in Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and internationally. The company operates through six segments: Corporate Banking, Personal Banking, Treasury Operations, Investment Banking, Insurance, and Other. The Corporate Banking segment provides current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans, payments and settlements, trade-related products, and other credit facilities, as well as foreign currency, derivative, and wealth management products for corporate customers, government authorities, and financial institutions. The Personal Banking segment offers savings deposits, personal loans, credit cards and debit cards, payments and settlements, wealth management, and funds and insurance agency services to retail customers. The Treasury Operations segment offers foreign exchange transactions, customer-based interest rate, and foreign exchange derivative transactions, as well as money market transactions, proprietary trading, and asset and liability management. The Investment Banking segment provides debt and equity underwriting and financial advisory, sale and trading of securities, stock brokerage, investment research, asset management services, and private equity investment services. The Insurance segment provides underwriting services for general and life insurance business, and insurance agency services. In addition, it operates debt-to-equity swaps and other supporting, and aircraft and financial leasing business. The company was founded in 1912 and is headquartered in Beijing, China.

Company description, as reported by the company or data provider.

Revenue & earnings trend

FY2021 – FY2025 · reported fiscal years

Bank of China Limited reported revenue of ¥657B in FY2025 versus ¥968B in FY2021, a compound −9.2%/yr. Reported net income was ¥243B in FY2025, compounding +2.9%/yr from FY2021.

Growth Quality 63/100
Revenue is growing, but margins or cash flow do not fully confirm the trend.
Latest Revenue (FY 2025)
657B CNY
Latest YoY
−47.5%
Avg. growth/yr (3Y) Measures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump.
−13.2%
Avg. growth/yr (5Y) Measures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump.
+3.1%
Avg. growth/yr (22Y) Measures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump.
+7.5%
Revenue −9.2%/yr
FY21 ¥968B
FY22 ¥1.0T
FY23 ¥1.2T
FY24 ¥1.3T
FY25 ¥657B
Net income +2.9%/yr
FY21 ¥217B
FY22 ¥227B
FY23 ¥232B
FY24 ¥238B
FY25 ¥243B
Character of growth · EPS growth decomposed (2013-2024) +3.0 % p.a.
Revenue per share +10.3 pp

of which total revenue +11.2 pp · buybacks/dilution −0.9 pp

EBIT margin −7.4 pp
Tax rate +1.0 pp
Residual (interest, one-offs) −0.9 pp

Absolute contributions in percentage points per year; they sum to the EPS growth rate. Start and end points are 3-year averages (details on hover).

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Cite: Fair Value Calculator (2026). "Bank of China Limited Fair Value". https://www.fairvalue-calculator.com/stock/601988

Earlier news

External third-party headlines (Yahoo Finance, Reuters and others), not an editorial selection.

Peer Group

Banks - Diversified · 47 stocks

How this stock ranks against its industry: the green marker is this stock, the band is the typical 25–75% peer range, and the tick is the median.

Quality Score 61 · Above median
Fair Value upside +91% · Top 25%
Return on equity (TTM) 8% · Bottom 25%
Return on assets 1% · Below median
Net margin (TTM) 43% · Top 25%
Operating margin (TTM) 53% · Above median
Revenue growth 6% · Above median
Dividend yield (TTM) 3.8% · Above median
Debt / equity 0.38× · Lower than median

Valuation Multiples vs Banks - Diversified median · lower = cheaper

P/E (TTM) 7.9× · Cheaper than median
P/B 0.62× · Cheaper than 75% of peers
P/S (TTM) 3.34× · Cheaper than median
P/FCF 0.4× · Cheaper than 75% of peers
PEG 1.55× · Pricier than median

Snowflake

Five quick dimensions, each 0 to 100: VALUE (fair-value potential), FUTURE (revenue growth), PAST (return on equity), HEALTH (low debt), DIVIDEND (yield). Green = this stock, grey = typical sector peer.

VALUE 100 · sector 19
FUTURE 30 · sector 25
PAST 33 · sector 42
HEALTH 81 · sector 52
DIVIDEND 76 · sector 67

Values & ESG

Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.

None of the checked exposures detected

ESG scores are not available for this stock yet. Values and ESG data are contextual and can differ between providers.

Similar stocks

10 more Banks - Diversified stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate (as of Aug 13, 2026).

Stock Price Fair Value vs Fair Value
JPMorgan Chase & Co JPM $365.18 $217.97 -40%
Bank of America Corporation BAC $64.81 $50.87 -22%
China Construction Bank Corporation 601939 ¥10.24 ¥18.21 +78%
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 601398 ¥7.52 ¥14.44 +92%
HSBC Holdings HBCN 1,610 MXN 1,364 MXN -15%
Agricultural Bank of China Limited 601288 ¥6.56 ¥12.94 +97%
Banco Santander, S.A SAN 55.29 PLN 31.78 PLN -43%
UBS Group UBSN 939.75 MXN 565.49 MXN -40%
Barclays PLC BCSN 475.00 MXN 332.60 MXN -30%
Bank of Communications Co 601328 ¥6.91 ¥13.82 +100%

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Frequently asked questions

Is Bank of China Limited (601988) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Aug 13, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of ¥11.24 versus a price of ¥5.88, about +91% (undervalued).
What is the fair value of 601988?
Our model-based fair value for Bank of China Limited is ¥11.24 (as of Aug 13, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price is ¥5.88.
What is the quality score of 601988?
Bank of China Limited has a Quality Score of 58/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the revenue of Bank of China Limited (601988)?
Bank of China Limited reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about 567B CNY (latest available figure, as of Aug 13, 2026).
What is the net profit margin of 601988?
The net profit margin of Bank of China Limited is about 43.3%, meaning it keeps roughly 43.3% of revenue as net income. Based on the latest reported figures.
Does Bank of China Limited pay a dividend?
Bank of China Limited currently shows a dividend yield of about 3.83% relative to its recent price (as of Aug 13, 2026).

How we calculate Fair Value

Each company is valued through a stack of independent intrinsic-value models (DCF variants, residual-income, multiples and more), blended into one family-balanced consensus and weighted by how much trustworthy data backs it. A separate quality layer scores the fundamentals. Every input is real reported data, nothing guessed.

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