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International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Fair Value & Analysis

Technology · US · Market cap $204B

IB International Business Machines Corporation logo International Business Machines Corporation IBM · US
Price$237.14
Fair Value$175.76
Upside-25.9%
Quality67/100
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Weak Growth
Solidly profitable · 15.6% net margin
High debt · generates free cash flow
2.32% dividend yield
Mixed vs. peers (7/15)
Wide moat 70/100
Evidence: High Range $110.74 – $272.63 Share as image

Fair value as of: Aug 13, 2026

From 24 valuation models · updated today

Fair value updated Aug 13, 2026, revised from $143.90 to $175.76 (+22.1%) since Aug 6, 2026. Share price +9.2% over the past month.

A solid business, but screening 26% overvalued on our models.

What matters now

  • Solid but not exceptional quality (67/100) and above fair value, neither a clear bargain nor a standout compounder.
  • A fairly wide model range ($110.74 to $272.63) leaves room in how you read the outcome.
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Price vs Fair Value (5 years)

$329.23 $97.62 Fair Value $175.76 May 2021 Aug 2026

White line = price, green steps = our fair value per fiscal year, dashed = 300-day average. As of Aug 13, 2026.

How to read this chart

60‑month range $97.62 – $329.23 · fair‑value band $110.74 – $272.63 · the $237.14 price screens above the $175.76 fair value. Green steps = our fair value per fiscal year (point-in-time, no hindsight). Dashed = 300-day average. As of Aug 13, 2026.

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Analysis

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) currently trades at $237.14, while our model-based Fair Value estimate is $175.76, implying the stock looks roughly 25.9% overvalued today. The Quality Score stands at 67/100 (solid quality), in the Technology sector. Bear case: priced above our estimate, the market already discounts strong expectations. Bull case: above-average quality can justify a premium, the entry price still matters most (evidence: high).

Over the trailing twelve months, International Business Machines Corporation generated revenue of $68.9B at a net margin of 15.6%. Revenue grew 9.5% year over year. It earns a return on equity of 35.8%. Net debt stands at $53.5B. Fundamentals as of Aug 13, 2026

Our scenario range runs from $110.74 (bear case) to $272.63 (bull case); at $237.14, the current price sits within that range. Bear and bull are the same models run on conservative and optimistic assumptions (margins, growth, valuation multiples), so a plausible valuation range, not a price target. The share trades about 29% below its 52-week high and 12% above its 52-week low, currently below its 200-day average. For context, the median of 10 Technology peers we cover trades at 0% fair-value upside, at -26%, IBM screens richer than that median.

Fair Value models

Each model estimates fair value its own way; the Fair Value above is the evidence-weighted blend. Evidence (0–100) measures how completely this model’s inputs are available: well-fed models carry more weight in the blend. The spread across models is intentional, each one stresses a different value driver; dividend models, for instance, come out structurally low when payout is small.

Model Bear Bear = the cautious scenario: the same model computed with conservative anchors (lower growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bull it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target.BaseBull Bull = the optimistic scenario: the same model computed with favourable anchors (higher growth, margins and valuation multiples). Together with Bear it frames a plausible valuation range, not a price target. Evidence
Highest evidence
Growth DCF $88.90 $140.77 $233.72 80
Residual Income $73.24 $92.27 $459.38 76
Rev-Margin DCF $60.67 $108.77 $168.25 74
All 24 models by family
DCF Models
FCF DCF $82.49 $135.41 $238.05 38
Owner Earnings $108.93 $172.91 $297.04 31
5Y Revenue Exit $60.67 $105.91 $171.88 39
5Y EBITDA Exit $121.78 $211.52 $330.82 41
5Y P/E Exit $130.54 $226.67 $341.71 38
10Y Revenue Exit $65.12 $100.83 $139.09 36
10Y EBITDA Exit $105.86 $168.07 $235.50 37
10Y P/E Exit $111.31 $177.72 $242.10 35
Earnings-Based
Graham-Dodd $76.64 $96.76 $109.89 54
EPV $55.04 $72.49 $87.99 59
Dividend Discount
Gordon GGM $64.02 $70.40 $80.22 70
DDM Multi-Stage $64.02 $82.20 $108.16 61
Multiples
P/E Multiple $236.68 $315.57 $394.47 63
P/S Multiple $143.70 $191.60 $239.50 58
P/B Multiple $143.70 $191.60 $239.50 55
EV/EBIT $153.91 $219.82 $285.73 53
EV/EBITDA $176.59 $250.07 $323.54 54
EV/Revenue $56.14 $98.98 $141.82 43
Asset-Based
NCAV (Graham) $17.37 $23.27 $34.74 50
Growth DCF
Growth DCF $88.90 $140.77 $233.72 80
Rev-Margin DCF $60.67 $108.77 $168.25 74
Economic Profit
Residual Income $73.24 $92.27 $459.38 76
ROIC Compounder $55.14 $76.74 $100.69 72
Growth Earnings
Growth-Adj P/E $165.55 $236.50 $307.45 68

Widest divergence: Growth Earnings ($236.50) versus Asset-Based ($23.27). Highest evidence: Growth DCF (80).

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Key figures & financial health

Revenue (TTM) $68.9B
Revenue growth (YoY) +9.5%
Net margin 15.6%
Return on equity 35.8%
Free cash flow $11.6B FY2025
P/E ratio 28.1
More key figures
Operating margin 13.8%
EPS (TTM) $8.44
Dividend yield 2.3%
EPS growth (YoY) +14.2%
Net debt $53.5B FY2025

Figures from reported company fundamentals · as of Aug 13, 2026. TTM = trailing twelve months.

Quality Score breakdown

Overall quality 67/100

Of which business quality 61 · Market factors (momentum, volatility) 40

Profitability 59
Margins and returns on capital today
Quality Growth 68
Are margins and returns improving?
Cashflow 70
Earnings quality: real cash, not paper profit
Fin. Strength 39
Balance sheet, leverage, solvency risk
Investment 66
Disciplined investing over empire-building
Low Volatility 54
Calm price path (market factor)
Momentum 36
Price trend over the last 3–12 months (market factor)
52W Momentum 29
Distance to the 52-week high (market factor)
Net Issuance 69
Buybacks instead of dilution

Non-valuation factor families (profitability, growth, cashflow, financial strength, momentum …), each academically grounded. Valuation itself sits in the Fair Value and is deliberately excluded here to avoid double-counting.

About the company

International Business Machines Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, provides integrated solutions and services in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific. It operates through Software, Consulting, Infrastructure, and Financing segments.

Full company description

International Business Machines Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, provides integrated solutions and services in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific. It operates through Software, Consulting, Infrastructure, and Financing segments. The Software segment offers hybrid cloud and AI platforms that allow clients to realize their digital and AI transformations across the applications, data, and environments in which they operate. The Consulting segment delivers strategy and technology services and intelligent operations, providing business transformation, technology implementation, managed services, application modernization, and AI-powered solutions. The Infrastructure segment provides on-premises and cloud-based server, and storage solutions, as well as life-cycle services for hybrid cloud infrastructure deployment. Its Financing segment offers client and commercial financing, and facilitates IBM clients' acquisition of hardware, software, and services. It has strategic partnerships with various companies, including hyperscalers, service providers, global system integrators, and software and hardware vendors that include Adobe, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, Samsung Electronics and SAP, and others. Additionally, the company operate a data streaming platform. The company has a strategic collaboration with Arm Holdings plc for the development of new dual-architecture hardware that helps enterprises run future AI and data intensive workloads; and strategic partnership with three.ws to advance ai-powered 3d agent technology. The company was formerly known as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. International Business Machines Corporation was incorporated in 1911 and is headquartered in Armonk, New York.

Company description, as reported by the company or data provider.

Revenue & earnings trend

FY2021 – FY2025 · reported fiscal years

International Business Machines Corporation reported revenue of $67.5B in FY2025 versus $57.4B in FY2021, a compound +4.2%/yr. Reported net income was $10.6B in FY2025, compounding +16.5%/yr from FY2021.

Growth Quality 40/100
Revenue growth is weak, negative or inconsistent.
Latest Revenue (FY 2025)
$67.5B
Latest YoY
+7.6%
Avg. growth/yr (3Y) Measures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump.
+3.7%
Avg. growth/yr (5Y) Measures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump.
−1.7%
Avg. growth/yr (40Y) Measures the company's TOTAL revenue from reported annual statements: compound average growth per year (CAGR) from the fiscal year 3, 5 or N years back to the most recent comparable fiscal year. Not per share: buybacks do not change this number, and a merger can appear as a growth jump.
+0.8%
Revenue +4.2%/yr
FY21 $57.4B
FY22 $60.5B
FY23 $61.9B
FY24 $62.8B
FY25 $67.5B
Net income +16.5%/yr
FY21 $5.7B
FY22 $1.6B
FY23 $7.5B
FY24 $6.0B
FY25 $10.6B
Character of growth · EPS growth decomposed (2014-2025) −4.1 % p.a.
Revenue per share −2.5 pp

of which total revenue −3.1 pp · buybacks/dilution +0.5 pp

EBIT margin −3.6 pp
Tax rate +1.7 pp
Residual (interest, one-offs) +0.3 pp

Absolute contributions in percentage points per year; they sum to the EPS growth rate. Start and end points are 3-year averages (details on hover).

IBM screens 26% overvalued. Compare with Accenture plc →

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Cite: Fair Value Calculator (2026). "International Business Machines Corporation Fair Value". https://www.fairvalue-calculator.com/stock/IBM

Peer Group

Information Technology Services · 488 stocks

How this stock ranks against its industry: the green marker is this stock, the band is the typical 25–75% peer range, and the tick is the median.

Quality Score 67 · Top 25%
Fair Value upside −26% · Below median
Return on equity (TTM) 36% · Top 25%
Return on assets 5% · Above median
Net margin (TTM) 16% · Top 25%
Operating margin (TTM) 14% · Top 25%
Revenue growth 10% · Above median
Dividend yield (TTM) 2.3% · Above median
Debt / equity 1.68× · Higher than 75% of peers

Valuation Multiples vs Information Technology Services median · lower = cheaper

P/E (TTM) 28.1× · Pricier than median
P/B 6.25× · Pricier than 75% of peers
P/S (TTM) 2.96× · Pricier than 75% of peers
P/FCF 17.6× · Pricier than 75% of peers
EV/EBITDA 14.8× · Pricier than median
PEG 2.71× · Pricier than 75% of peers

Snowflake

Five quick dimensions, each 0 to 100: VALUE (fair-value potential), FUTURE (revenue growth), PAST (return on equity), HEALTH (low debt), DIVIDEND (yield). Green = this stock, grey = typical sector peer.

VALUE 0 · sector 33
FUTURE 48 · sector 31
PAST 100 · sector 35
HEALTH 16 · sector 97
DIVIDEND 46 · sector 36

VALUE 0: the price sits above our fair-value range.

Insider activity: 78/100

Values & ESG

Does this company touch areas you may want to avoid? The classification is inferred from sector and industry.

None of the checked exposures detected

ESG scores are not available for this stock yet. Values and ESG data are contextual and can differ between providers.

Similar stocks

10 more Information Technology Services stocks, each showing price versus our Fair Value estimate (as of Aug 13, 2026).

Stock Price Fair Value vs Fair Value
Accenture plc ACNN 2,460 MXN 300.07 MXN -88%
Tata Consultancy Services Limited TCS ₹2,350 ₹3,473 +48%
Infosys Limited INFY ₹1,176 ₹1,998 +70%
HCL Technologies Limited HCLTECH ₹1,365 ₹1,722 +26%
Wipro Limited WIPRO ₹183.94 ₹314.26 +71%
Tech Mahindra Limited TECHM ₹1,625 ₹1,521 -6%
Samsung SDS Co 018260 235,500 KRW 235,321 KRW -0%
Persistent Systems Limited PERSISTENT ₹5,474 ₹3,259 -40%
Hyundai Autoever Corporation 307950 433,000 KRW 186,323 KRW -57%
Coforge Limited COFORGE ₹1,829 ₹983.97 -46%

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Frequently asked questions

Is International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) overvalued or undervalued?
As of Aug 13, 2026, our model estimates a fair value of $175.76 versus a price of $237.14, about −26% (overvalued).
What is the fair value of IBM?
Our model-based fair value for International Business Machines Corporation is $175.76 (as of Aug 13, 2026), built from audited fundamentals. The current price is $237.14.
What is the quality score of IBM?
International Business Machines Corporation has a Quality Score of 67/100. It measures business quality (profitability, growth, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, investment discipline, share issuance). Market factors such as price momentum and volatility do not enter the number; they are shown separately in the detail view.
What is the revenue of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)?
International Business Machines Corporation reported trailing-twelve-month revenue of about $68.9B (latest available figure, as of Aug 13, 2026).
What is the net profit margin of IBM?
The net profit margin of International Business Machines Corporation is about 15.6%, meaning it keeps roughly 15.6% of revenue as net income. Based on the latest reported figures.
Does International Business Machines Corporation pay a dividend?
International Business Machines Corporation currently shows a dividend yield of about 2.20% relative to its recent price (as of Aug 13, 2026).

How we calculate Fair Value

Each company is valued through a stack of independent intrinsic-value models (DCF variants, residual-income, multiples and more), blended into one family-balanced consensus and weighted by how much trustworthy data backs it. A separate quality layer scores the fundamentals. Every input is real reported data, nothing guessed.

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